The eight types of Adjective

I have been busy for a month, so now I have time to be arranged and write a blogger about .... how to order the adjective. As we know that Adjective has many types , and the problem is sometimes we don't know certainly how to order them. I hope my knowledge can help you at least advantage,

Let's start with the type of Adjective ,

Adjective
is used for explaining the Nouns and Pronouns, that help you to be clear  with else.

There are 8 types of Adjective

1. Descriptive Adjectives is the word to tell you the qualifications of Nouns ,Ex, good, bad, tall, shot, black, fat, thin, fat, thin, clever, foolish, poor, rich, brave, cowardly, pretty, ugly, etc.

Example ;
 
Sam is a black rich man.
(แซมเป็นผู้ชายผิวเข้มสีที่รวย)

2. Demonstrative Adjectives is the words to specific all Nouns , Examples;
The, These, This, That, Those, Such, The same, A, An, Any, Another, One, Some, Such, Other

Example;

That horse is running.
(ม้าตัวนั้นกำลังวิ่ง)

3. Distributive Adjectives is  the words to be separated Nouns, example;
 each (แต่ละ), every (ทุกๆ), either…or (ไม่อันใดก็อันหนึ่ง), neither…nor (ไม่ทั้งสอง)

Examples;

Every student in this school loves studying English.
(เด็กนักเรียนทุกๆคนในโรงเรียนนี้ชอบเรียนภาษาอังกฤษ)

Neither Cherry nor Chacha can drive a plane.
(เชอร์รี่กับชาช่าไม่สามารขับเครื่องบินได้ทั้งสองคน)

4. Interrogative Adjectives  is the question words , always put in front of the sentences , and there is Noun after its , examples;  what, which, whose.

Examples;

Which car do you prefer?
(รถยนต์คันไหนที่คุณชอบ)

Whose house is that?
(บ้านหลังนี้เป็นของใคร)

 5. Proper Adjectives is telling the nationality , and the languages , example; 
 English (คนอังกฤษ), American (คนอเมริกา), Thai (คนไทย), Indian (คนอินเดีย), Japanese (คนญี่ปุ่น) 

Examples;

Sumalee  is Thai but Tommy is French.
(สุมาลีเป็นชาวไทยแต่ทอมมี่เป็นชาวฝรั่งเศษ)

 6. Numeral Adjectives  is the words to tell the quantity ,and amount , there are 4 types ,examples,

 a. Cardinal Numeral Adjective  is the actually number , such as, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven

Examples,

She brings me ten baskets of strawberry.
(เธอเอาสตอเบอรี่มาให้ฉันสิบตะกร้า)

b. Ordinanal Numeral Adjective  is explain the noun of the number ,such as, first, second, third, fifth, sixth

Example;

They are the first group on this location.
(พวกเขาคือกลุ่มแรกที่มาที่พื้นที่นี้)

He gets the second price of the photography contest in Bangkok this year.
(ปีนี้เขาได้รับรางวัลที่สองของการประกวดภาพถ่ายในกรุงเทพ)

c. Multiplicative Adjective is the words telling the double quantity ,such as,  double, triple, quadruple

This year, the rice production is double because the weather is good.
(ปีนี้ผมผลิตข้าวเพิ่มขึ้นเป็นสองเท่าเพราะว่าอากาศนั้นดี)

  7. Possessive Adjectives is the words to accreted Nouns , and telling the processive od Noun , such as ,  my(ของฉัน), our(ของพวกเรา), your(ของคุณ), his(ของเขา), her(ของเธอ), its(ของมัน) และ their (ของพวกเขา)

Examples;

My dog is five-year-old.
(หมาของฉันนั้นอายุห้าขวบ)

8. Quantitative Adjectives  is told the quantity , examples,
a little/little (เล็กน้อย)
all (ทั้งหมด)
enough (เพียงพอ)
few /a few (น้อย)
many (มาก)
much (มาก)
no (ไม่มี)
some (บ้าง)
any (บ้าง)
whole (ทั้งหมด)
much (มาก – ใช้กับนามนับไม่ได้)
many (มาก – ใช้กับนามนับได้)

Examples,

I have few dollars in my pocket.
(ฉันมีเงินไม่กี่ดอลล่าในกระเป๋าของฉัน)

Part Of Speech

Parts of Speech

PART OF SPEECH	BASIC FUNCTION	EXAMPLES
noun	names a person, place, or thing	pirate, Caribbean, ship
pronoun	takes the place of a noun	I, you, he, she, it, ours, them, who
verb	identifies action or state of being	sing, dance, believe, be
adjective	modifies a noun	hot, lazy, funny
adverb	modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb	softly, lazily, often
preposition	shows a relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence	up, over, against, by, for
conjunction	joins words, phrases, and clauses	and, but, or, yet
interjection	expresses emotion	ah, whoops, ouch

การใช้คุณศัพท์แสดงความเป็นเจ้าของ POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE

Possessive Adjective คือ อะไร

คือ คำคุณศัพท์ที่แสดงความเป็นเจ้าของ ให้รู้ว่าสิ่งต่างๆ ทั้งหลายแหล่เป็นของใคร เช่น แมวของฉัน รถของคุณ ปากกาของเขา แก้วของหล่อน เป็นต้น

มีนักเรียนบางคนที่แปลจากไทยเป็นอังกฤษแบบตรงตัวเลย ซึ่งฝรั่งอ่านแล้วคงไม่เข้าใจสิ่งที่เราเขียนแน่นอน เช่น

เขา รัก พ่อ เขา = He likes father him.

แมว อยู่ ใน ห้อง ฉัน = A cat is in room me.

ดูๆแล้วน่า่จะถูก แต่ว่าความจริงแล้วมันไม่ใช่ เราต้องใช้คำคุณศัพท์แสดงความเป็นเจ้าของให้ถูกต้อง ดังตารางด้านล่าง

คำคุณศัพท์แสดงความเป็นเจ้าของ

คำศัพท์	คำอ่าน	คำแปล
my	มาย	ของฉัน
your	ยัว	ของคุณ
his	ฮิส	ของเขา
her	เฮอ	ของหล่อน
its	อิทส	ของมัน
our	เอาเวอะ	ของพวกเรา
their	แด	ของพวกเขา

 เมื่อเป็นดังนี้แล้ว ตัวอย่างที่ผิดด้านบนก็จะต้องแก้ไขเป็น

He likes his father. และ A cat is in my room. จึงจะถูกต้อง

ตำแหน่งของคำคุณศัพท์อยู่ตรงไหนในประโยค?

คำคุณศัพท์แสดงความเป็นเจ้าของ + คำนาม

คำตอบคืออยู่หน้าคำนาม และต้อมีคำนามต่อท้ายเสมอ ซึ่งต่างจากภาษาไทยที่ต่อท้ายคำนาม

แต่ก่อนเคยสงสัยว่า my cat กับ my cats  ถูกทั้งคู่หรือเปล่า ตรงนี้ขอตอบว่าถูกทั้งคู่ อยู่ที่ว่ามีอยู่อันเดียว หรือหลายอัน (เปลี่ยน my เป็นอย่างอื่นก็เช่นกัน)

ตัวอย่างการนำไปใช้

This is my pen. นี่ คือ ปากกา ของฉัน

Do you like my hat? คุณ ชอบ หมวก ของฉัน ไหม

I like your house.  ฉัน ชอบ บ้าน  ของคุณ

Where is your dog? สุนัข ของคุณ อยู่ ไหน

His sister is over there. พี่สาว ของเขา อยู่ ที่นั่น

Which one is his book? อันไหน คือ หนังสือ ของเขา

Her big dog is sleeping but her small dog is playing.
หมา ตัวใหญ่ ของหล่อน กำลังนอนหลับ แต่ หมา ตัวเล็ก ของหล่อน กำลังเล่น

This chair is big but its legs are small. เก้าอี้ ตัวนี้ ใหญ่ แต่ ขา ของมัน เล็ก

This is our house and those are our bikes.
นี่ คือ บ้าน ของพวกเรา และ เหล่าโน้น คือ จักรยาน ของพวกเรา

Their car is cheap but their van is very expensive.
รถยนต์ ของพวกเขา ราคาถูก แต่ รถตู้ ของพวกเขา ราคาแพง มาก

ยกตัวอย่างมาให้ดูทุกตัวแล้ว ทีนี้คงเข้าใจนะครับว่านำไปใช้อย่างไร สังเกตเห็นว่า หลัง possessive adjective ต้องมีคำนามตามหลังด้วยทุกครั้ง อย่าลืม

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES: FIVE SIMPLE RULES

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES: FIVE SIMPLE RULES

A: These verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive:

begin, continue, like, hate, love, prefer, start, etc.

They began dancing and singing.
We like to cook dinner but hate to clean the apartment.

B: These verbs must be followed by a gerund:

appreciate, avoid, dislike, enjoy, keep, miss, quit, etc.

Do you dislike doing homework or just avoid handing it in?
She misses being with her family.

C: These verbs must be followed by an infinitive:

ask, decide, encourage, expect, hope, intend, learn, plan, seem, tell, want, etc.

He asked her to marry him, and she decided to accept.
I was encouraged to work hard at school and planned to attend university.

D: These 2 and 3-word verbs must be followed by a gerund:

accustomed to, believe in, look forward to, put off, take care of, think about, etc.

We’re looking forward to seeing you in September.
He’s accustomed to working out in the gym and believes in keeping fit.

E: These 4 verbs are usually followed by pronoun + the base form of a verb:

make, have, let, and help.
Adnan makes me like the class and has me enjoy Accounting.
Rodrigo let me watch him dance and helped me learn the steps.

Direct Speech / Quoted Speech

Direct Speech / Quoted Speech

Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.
For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations", she said.

Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
For example:

Direct speech	Indirect speech
"I'm going to the cinema", he said.	He said he was going to the cinema.

Tense change

As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):

Direct speech		Indirect speech
Present simple She said, "It's cold."	›	Past simple She said it was cold.
Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching English online."	›	Past continuous She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."	›	Past perfect simple She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."	›	Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple She said, "I taught online yesterday."	›	Past perfect She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous She said, "I was teaching earlier."	›	Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."	›	Past perfect NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."	›	Past perfect continuous NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

Direct speech		Indirect speech
will She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."	›	would She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
can She said, "I can teach English online."	›	could She said she could teach English online.
must She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online."	›	had to She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.
shall She said, "What shall we learn today?"	›	should She asked what we should learn today.
may She said, "May I open a new browser?"	›	might She asked if she might open a new browser.

!Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.

Direct speech	Indirect speech
"I might go to the cinema", he said.	He said he might go to the cinema.

You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something is still true i.e. my name has always been and will always be Lynne so:-

Direct speech	Indirect speech
"My name is Lynne", she said.	She said her name was Lynne. or She said her name is Lynne.

You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event.

Direct speech (exact quote)	Indirect speech (not exact)
"Next week's lesson is on reported speech", she said.	She said next week's lesson will be on reported speech.

Time change

If the reported sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.
For example we need to change words like here and yesterday if they have different meanings at the time and place of reporting.

Now	+ 24 hours - Indirect speech
"Today's lesson is on presentations."	She said yesterday's lesson was on presentations. or She said yesterday's lesson would be on presentations.

Expressions of time if reported on a different day
this (evening)	›	that (evening)
today	›	yesterday ...
these (days)	›	those (days)
now	›	then
(a week) ago	›	(a week) before
last weekend	›	the weekend before last / the previous weekend
here	›	there
next (week)	›	the following (week)
tomorrow	›	the next/following day

In addition if you report something that someone said in a different place to where you heard it you must change the place (here) to the place (there).
For example:-

At work	At home
"How long have you worked here?"	She asked me how long I'd worked there.

Pronoun change

In reported speech, the pronoun often changes.
For example:

Me	You
"I teach English online."	Direct Speech She said, "I teach English online." "I teach English online", she said. Reported Speech She said she teaches English online. or She said she taught English online.

Reporting Verbs

Said, told and asked are the most common verbs used in indirect speech.
We use asked to report questions:-
For example: I asked Lynne what time the lesson started.
We use told with an object.
For example: Lynne told me she felt tired.
!Note - Here me is the object.
We usually use said without an object.
For example: Lynne said she was going to teach online.
If said is used with an object we must include to ;
For example: Lynne said to me that she'd never been to China.
!Note - We usually use told.
For example: Lynne told me (that) she'd never been to China.
There are many other verbs we can use apart from said, told and asked.
These include:-

accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, apologised, begged, boasted, complained, denied, explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied, suggested and thought.

Using them properly can make what you say much more interesting and informative.
For example:
He asked me to come to the party:-

He invited me to the party.

He begged me to come to the party.

He ordered me to come to the party.

He advised me to come to the party.

He suggested I should come to the party.

Use of 'That' in reported speech

In reported speech, the word that is often used.
For example: He told me that he lived in Greenwich.
However, that is optional.
For example: He told me he lived in Greenwich.
!Note - That is never used in questions, instead we often use if.
For example: He asked me if I would come to the party.

The sneaky comma

I'm British, so I only tend to place the comma inside quotation marks when it's part of the sentence being quoted.
"I didn't notice that the comma was inside the quotation marks," Lynne said, "but Hekner did."
That said, I read so much American literature, that even I tuck them away sometimes.
Really, no one has set in stone what the rules of the English language are. It's a diverse language, and the rules that exist have arisen through usage, and they can change in exactly the same way, so maybe it doesn't matter, but it's best to be consistent. (Thanks Hekner.)

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Questions and tags

To ask a question in English you must usually use one of the auxiliary verbs (be, do, have) or a modal verb such as can, will, may. If you are expecting a yes/no answer, then the question starts with the auxiliary or modal. Here are some examples:

• Is she Japanese?
• Do you like German food?
• Can you play chess?
• Have you seen Miho?
• Must I go to school tomorrow?
• Did you know the answer?
• Is she coming to your party?
• Will you be able to help me?

If you want more information than a simple yes/no answer, you must ask a question starting with one of the following question words: what, where, when, why, which, who(m), whose, how. In this kind of question you also normally use an auxiliary or modal:

• What did you say?
• Where does she live?
• When can you play chess?
• Why must I go to school tomorrow?
• Which book have you borrowed?
• Who has taken my calculator?
• Whose bag is this?
• How did you know the answer?

* Note that questions starting with the question words what/who/whose do not need an auxiliary verb in the simple present or past. For example: What happened? Who knows the answer? Whose parents came to Open Day?

The questions what, which, whose are often followed by a noun (before the auxiliary/modal). The question how is often followed by an adjective. Look at the following examples:

• What time must we be there?
• What kind of music do you listen to?
• Which painting do you like the best?
• Whose parents are coming to the meeting tomorrow?
• How long have you lived in Germany?
• How much money do you have?
• How far is your house from the school?

Do a quiz on question words.
We quite often want to ask a question containing a preposition. In spoken English the preposition is usually put at the end of the question, as in the following examples?

• Who did you go to the party with?
• Who are you talking to?
• What are you talking about?
• Where is Miho from?
• What did you say that for?
• What kind of place do you live in?

Note: It is possible to begin questions with the preposition. ESL students should avoid this, however. Even in written English such questions sound too formal: With whom did you go to the party? From where is Miho?

---

A special type of question is the tag that English speakers put at the end of many statements. The tags in the following sentences are shown in red:

• It's a lovely day today, isn't it?
• You live in Frankfurt, don't you?
• Miho can't speak German, can she?
• You haven't seen Miho, have you?
• His parents are very old, aren't they?
• You will remember to call me, won't you?

Tags are very common in spoken English, and have many functions. One of the common functions is to start a conversation or help keep it going. The two basic rules about tag questions are:

1. If the statement is negative, the tag must be positive. If the statement is positive the tag must be negative.
   - You don't like me, do you?
   - You won't tell him my secret, will you?
   - He doesn't speak German, does he?
   - You're coming to my party, aren't you?
   - She's really good at chess, isn't she?
   - You haven't done your homework, have you?
2. The tense of the tag is determined by the tense of the auxiliary/modal verb of the statement that precedes it. If the statement does not use an auxiliary/modal (i.e. it is in the present or past simple tense), then the auxiliary to do must be used.
   - She comes from Korea, doesn't she?
   - You like heavy metal music, don't you?
   - He got top grade in the math test, didn't he?
   - I really messed up, didn't I?

A problem with tags is getting the intonation right. Basically, it depends whether or not you are expecting an answer to your question. Look at these two examples:

• He's from Italy, isn't he? (flat or falling intonation - short pause before the tag - more a statement than a question, not really expecting an answer)
• He's from Italy, isn't he? (sharply rising intonation - longer pause before the tag - a question expecting an answer)

Commands, Requests, Suggestions

Commands, Requests, Suggestions 

ประโยคคำสั่ง ขอร้องหรือข้อเสนอแนะ มีได้หลายแบบตั้งแต่คำสั่งแบบเด็ดขาดจนถึงคำขอร้องแบบนุ่มนวล เวลาพูดผู้พูดจะใช้โทนเสียงเป็นตัวบ่งบอก ประโยคเดียวกันแต่เมื่อใช้โทนเสียงต่างกัน ก็แสดงให้เห็นถึงดีกรีคำสั่งที่แตกต่างกัน ดูตัวอย่างรูปแบบประโยคต่อไปนี้

Will you come here?

Will you please come here?

Will you come here please?

Will you just come here?

Won’t you just come here?

Would you just come here?

Would you be good (or kind) enough to come here?

Would you mind (just) coming here?

You will come here, won’t you?

You come here!

Just you come here!

You just come here!

You might just come here.

I should like you (just) to come here.

Mind you come here.

Negative Commands and Requests: 

คำสั่งหรือคำขอร้องแบบปฏิเสธ 

You won’t come here, will you?

Would you mind not coming here.

I should like you not to come here.

Mind you don’t come here.

เราใช้กริยา “be” ในรูป imperative ในคำสั่งหรือคำขอร้อง และอาจเพิ่มดีกรีความหนักแน่นด้วยการเติมกริยา “do” เข้าไป

Be careful.	Do be careful.	Don’t be so careless.
Be quiet.	Do be quiet.	Don’t be so noisy.

ในกรณีที่การกระทำนั้นเกี่ยวข้องกับตัวผู้พูดเองด้วย จะใช้ let’s

Let’s go.

Let’s hurry.

Let’s have a drink, shall we?

รูปปฏิเสธของ let’s คือ don’t let’s

Don’t let’s miss the show.

Don’t let’s quarrel any more.

นอกจากนี้ ยังมีตัวอย่างคำสั่ง คำขอร้อง คำแนะนำแบบอื่นๆ ที่ใช้กันอีก

No poster!
No more your nonsense!
You should be more careful another time.
You ought to tell him so.
You had better go at once.
You may go. (อนุญาต)
You mustn’t say that. (คำสั่งห้าม)
You’re not going away till you promise to do as I say. (คำสั่งห้าม)
I suggest we all get together and straighten things out.
I wouldn’t worry if I were you.